chapter+2.2+outline

__** ﻿Outline 2.2 **__ I. The impact of geography A. the Nile- longest river in the world at 400 miles long 1. begans in the heart of Africa and runs north to the mediteeranean that splits into two major branches a. lower Egypt b. upper Egypt B. Egyptain's Fertile land 1. black land 2. red land a. the surpluses of food was farmed in these lands that made egypt properous II. The Importantance of Religion A. Religion- gave Egyptains a sense of security and timelessness B. The Egytains were Polytheistic( beleif in many gods) included 2 groups of gods 1. Atum or Re-Sun 2. __**Osrisis**__ and Isis-land a. important role was __**the symbol of resurrection**__ III. The Course of Egytain History A. 3 major periods 1.old kingdom (2700-2200 B.C.) 2.middle kindom (2050-1652 B.C.) 3.new kingdom(1567-1085 B.C.) B. Menes- a king that unitifed Egypain history in 3100 B.C. C. Dynasty- a family of rule whose right to rule is passed down in the family D.Pharoahs- Egyptain rulers meaning__**"greeat house" or "great palace"**__ E. bureacracy- an adminsratrative organization with officials and regular procedures F. Vizer- the __**"steward of the whole land"**__ G. Egypt was divided into 42 provinces, which was run by governors appointed by the pharoah H.Prymids- one of the greatest achievements in civilization 1. occured in the old kingdom 2. built into a large complex that was dedicated to the dead 3. contained rooms stocked with supplies (such as chairs, boats, chests, weapons, games, dishes, and a variety of food) I. the Egyptains believed that Human beings had 2 bodies ( **a physical and spiritual that were called the //__ka__//**) J. Mummification- __**a egyptain practice that is a process in slowly drying dead body to prevent it from rotting**__ 1. took place in workshops ran by priests K. Hyksos- used horse-drawn war charriots and overhelmed egyptain soldiers L.Hatshepsut- the first women to become a pharoah 1. built a temple at deir el Bahri 2. succeeded by her nephew, __**Thutmose III**__ a. led 17 military campaigns into syria and palestine and reached the Euphrates river M. Amenhotep IV- __**introduced the worship of Aton ( god of the sun disk, as the sole god)**__ N. Tutankhamen- a boy- pharoah who restored the old gods into the new kingdom O. "Sea people" invaded the 13th century P. Cleopatra VII- tried to restablished Egypt's independence IV. Society in Ancient Egypt A. merchants were sent to crete and syria by pharoahs B. Upperclass- Pharoahs, nobles, and priests 1. ran the government and managed large estates a. provided much of egypt's wealth C. middle class- merchants, artisans, scribes, and tax collectors 1. obtained products through trade or created goods D. lower class- peasants 1. farmed land 2. provided military service 3. forced labor for building projects V. Daily life in Ancient Egypt A. Monogramy- __marriage to one person__ B. the husband was the master of the household C. wives were in charge of the household and the education of the children D.. peasant women- worked long hours in the fields and at numerous taks in their home E. upper-class women- could become priestesses F. parents arranged marriages for children G. Egyptainmarriages ended in a diorce VI. writing and education A. hieroglyphics- system of writing meaning __**"priest-carvings" or "scared"**__ B. hieroglyphic script was used for wring on temple walls and tombs C. hieratic script- used for business transactions, record keeping, and general needs of daily life 1. later was writen on paprus- a paper made from the papyrus reed that grew along the nile D. egytian scribes were masters of art of writing and its teachers VII. Achievenets in Art and Science A. Egyptain use of mathmethics helped them in buildings their massive monuments 1. able to calculate area and volume and the use of gemetry to survey flooded land B. The Egypains developed an accurate 365-day calendar by using their year on the movements of the moon and sirius C.the practice of embalming(preventing a dead body to protect it from decay) led to medical expertise in human anatomy D. Archeologists have recovered directions form doctors for using splints, bandages, and compresses for treating fractures, wonders, and diease..