chapter+4.5+outline

__Chapter 4.5 outline__ I. The Threat of Macedonia A. Macedonians were barbain people who were organized into groups B. Macedonia emerged as a powerful kingdom C. Philip II came to throne with the Greeks in 359 B.C. 1. built a powerful army 2. turned Macedonia into the chief power of the Greek world D. Alexander the Great A. **__Alexander's conquests spreaded Greeks Languages, archiecture, and literture throughout southwest Asia__** 1. became king of Macedonia at 20 years old 2. taught by his dad Philip about the basic's of military leadership 3. freed the Ionian Greek cities of western Asia Minor from the Persians 4. built Alexandria as the Greek capital of Egypt 5.won againist the Persians in the battle at Gaugamela 6. led his troops across the desert to southern Iran 7. died at age 32 from drinking too much Achool 8. the creation of the monarchies was his legacy III. The Hellenistic Kingdoms A. Hellenistic is a greek work meaning " **__to imitate greeks__**" B. Alexander's empire fell after his death 1. most important macedian general that energed in struggle for power C. __The Four Hellenistic kingdoms__ 1. Macedonia: Syria: Pergamium: and Egypt D. Alexander plans to the Hellenistic kingdoms 1. to fuse Macedonian's Greeks, and Persians in his empire 2. encourage his soldier's to marry native americans 3. relay on Greeks and Macedonians to form the ruling class E. Alexander created a series of new cities and military settlements F. Greek cities became the chief nagents in the spread of the Greek culture IV. Hellenistic culture A. Alexandria is home to poets, writers, philosophies, and scientists 1. the libary became the largest in ancient times, with more than 500,000 scrolls a. encoursged the careful study of literture and lanuage B. Pergaumum was an important city in Asian Minor that became a leading culture center C. The rebuilding of old cities placed opportunies for Greek archituts and sculptors D. Appolonius of Rhodes wote an epic poem called **__Argonautica__** 1. tells the story of Jason and his search for the golden Fleece E. Theocritus wrote short poems for love for nature, and nature's beauty F. Meander was perhaps the most successful playwright of all time G. Astromoters in the Hellenistic Age 1. Aristarchus- developed the therory that the sun is at the center of the universe, while the earth orbits around the sun 2. Eratosthenes- determined that the earth was round at 34,675 miles H. Eucilid- was a mathematican who wrote the book of elements I. Archimedes of Syracuse- perhaps the most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Period worked on geometry of spheres ancylinders that established the value of pi a. devised the Archimedes' screw that was a machine that pumps water and lifts irregation water b. discovered specific gravity by observing the water he displaced during his bath 1. got so existed that he jumped out of the water and ran home shouting"__Eureka__" ( I have found it) H. Epicurceanism and Stocism strenghened Athen's reputation as a philosophical center I. Epicurus- the founder of philosophy known as __Epicureanism__ 1. was believed that human beings were free to follow self interest as a basic motivating force a. happiness became its goal of life 1. could only be achieved by persuing pleasure, the only good one a. freedom from emotional turmoil and worry J. Stoicism- a school taught and developed by the teacher **Zeno** ( Taught at Painted Portico) 1. happiness only can be found when people gain inner peace or believing within gold K. Public service regared as a noble L. The real Stoic was a good citizen