Chapter+4.2+outline

__Chapter 4.2 Outline__ I. The Polis center of Greek life A. Polis- cit-state, town village, and surrounding of people B. acropolis- top of a hill of a Fortified area C. Agora- Open-air-market place D. Athens had a population of more than 300,000 people in the 15th century E. __**The Polis is conistered of citizens with Political right, no political rights, and non citizens**__ F. Aristotle- Greek philospher that agured that a citizen didn't belong just to himself or herself G. Wars in Greece were fought by __the aristocratic cavalry soldiers__ 1. nobles on horseback, large landowners, and that dominated their political life of their city-states H. **__Hoplites__**- heaverly armed infanty soldiers 1. carrried a round shield, as hart swords, and a sprear about 9 feet long 2. **__marched in a rectangular formation known as Phalanx__** II. Greek colonies A. large numbers of Greeks that left their homelands to settle in distant lands B. Farmland and growth trade are 2 factors in people's decision to move C. New Greek colonies were established in Italy, Southern France, eastern Spain, and northern Africa D. Byzantium- a Greek colony located in Bosporus E. Greeks spreaded their culture and political ideas throughout the Mediterrean world F. colonization led to increased trade and Industries G. Greeks exported pottery, wine, and olive oil on the mainland 1. recieved grains, metals, fish, timber, wheat, and slaves a. created a new group of Greek states III. Tyranny in the City-states A. Greek Tyrants were rulers who seized power by force from the aristocrats 1. supported came from rich and poor peasants B. Tyrants gained power by using hire soldiers 1. built new markets, places, temples, and walls C. Tyranny was led to developement of democracy- government ruled by the people D. **__Oligarachy- ruled by a few__** E. sparta and Athens are the two most famous and powerful Greek-states IV. Sparta A. Spartans conquered the neighboring __Laconians and Messenians__ 1. became sefs who worked called Helots- Greek word for **"capture"** B. __spartans__ created a military state 1. riggdly controlled and self- disiplined 2. men- enrolled the army at the age of 20, allowed to vote in the assembly, lived in the household, and had to stay in the army until they were 60 3. women- had freedom of movement, controlled the household, exercised, remain fit to raise and bear children, and expected their husbands and sons to be brave in war C. A spartan warrior was told to return from war with his shield on D. The spartan government was an Oligarchy headed by 2 kings who led the army on campaigns E. Ephors- a group of 5 men was selected each year by members of sparta's oligarchy F. The Council of Elders was composed of 2 kings, 28 citizens that were over the age of 60 V. Athens A. __Athens__ became a unified polis on the peninsula of Africa 1. in the 17th century, Athens became an oligarchy under the contol of its __aristocrats__ a. owned the best land, and controled political life B. In the end of the 17th century, Athenian farmers were sold into slavery C. Solon was an reformist aristocrat who was appointed leader in 594 B.C. 1. canceled all land debts, freed people who had fallen into slavery from dedts, and refused to take land from the rich and give power to the poor D. Pisistratus- an aristocrat who seized power in 560 B.C. 1. aided Athenian trade as a way of pleasing the merchants 2. gave aristocrats land to the peasants in order to gain the favor of the poor a. Athenians rebelled against him E. Cleisthenes created a new council of 500 that supervised foreign afairs, oversaw the treasury, proposed the laws that would be voted on by the assembly, and created the foundations for athenian democracy.