chapter+9.4+outline

The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades I. The reign of Justinian A. The Roman empire was now the center of Constantinople B. Justinian goal was to restore the restored the Roman empire in the Mediterean 1. most important achievement was his codification of Roman laws- that resulted in the body of **__civil law__** II. from eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire A. Problems occurring in the Eastern Roman Empire 1. was defeated by an army of Islamic forces at Yarinuk in 636 2. lost provinces of syrias and Paalestine 3. also defeated by the Bulgars 4. lost possition of the lower Damube valley 5. decreased and changed to the __Byzantine Empire__ a. civilization with its own character that lasted until 1453 b. built on christain faith that was shared by many citizens 1. came to be knownm as the __Eastern Orthodox Church__ a. headed by a patriarch III. Life in Constantipole A. __Constaninople__ the largest city in Europe during the middle age 1. medieval Europe's greatest center of Commerce a. exchanged products btw. the West and East B. Europe recieved products from China, Southwest Asia, and India C. Raw materials were used in Constantinople for local Industries D. Justinian's project achievements 1. building Hippodrome 2. public works- roads, bridges, walls, public baths, law courts, schools, and colossal underground reservoirs 3. building Hagia Sophie ( the church of the Holy Wisdom) in 537 IV. New Heights and New Problems A. __Macedonian's__ expanded the Byzantine empie to include Bulgania in the Balkans zzzzzz9islands of crete, Cyprus, and Syria) 1. fostered a burst of economic prosperity trade relations with Western Europe, especially by selling silks and metalworks that made Constantinople flourished 2. dyansty restored power of the Byzantine empire in the 10th and 11th century B. threats that the Byzantine Empire Faced 1. Church Schism 2. power stuggles between military leaders 3.aristocratic families 4. advance of the Seljuk turks 5. failure of Alexius I to recieve military aid from Europe V. The Crusades A. __crusades__- expeditions to regain the Holy land 1. pushed Alexius I to ask the europeans for help against the Seljuk Turks, who were muslims B.infiderals- unbelievable muslims C. urban II callenged christains to take up thier weapons and join in a holy war D,. warriors from western Europe formed the first crusading army E.The holy city was taken amid in a horrible massacre of inhabitants F. In 1187, the Holy city of Jerusalem fell to Muslim forces nunder **__Saladin__** H. Three important rulers who agreed to lead the 3rd crusade 1. Frederick Barbarossa of Germany 2. Richard I ( Richard the lionhearted of England) 3. Philip II Augustus, king of France I. Richard the lionhearted negotiated a settlement to allow Christain pilgrims free access to Jersulem J. __Pope Innocent III__- intitated the 4th Crusade K. The venetion leaders of the 4th crusade divereted to Constantinople, and sacked the city in 1204 1. was recaptured by the Byzantine army in 1261 and reestablished, but no longer a a great Mediterrean power 2. was conquered by the Ottoman turks in 1453 L. In Germany in 1212, a youth known as Nicholas of Cologne announced that God had inspired him to lead a "little crusade" to the Holy land" 1. thousands of people joined him and made their way to ittaly, where the pope told them to go home M.. Italian Merchants would have pursued new contacts with the eastern world N. The Massacre of Jews become a feature of medival European life