Chapter+4.4+outline

__Chapter 4.4 outline__ I. Greek Religion A. Religion affect every aspect viewed of Greek life B. Greek religion was considered necessary to the well-being of the state C. Temples werededicated to gods of the state and goddesses were the major buildings in greek cities D. Mount Olypus was home of the gods and is the highest mountains in the world E. Greek gods and religions 1. Zeus was the chief god and father of the gods 2. Athena was the goddess of wisdom and crafts 3. Appalo was the god of the sun and of poetry 4. Ares was the god of war 5. Aphidites was the godness of love 6. Poseidon was the brother of Zeus F. ritus wre cermonies or rites that encouraged the gods to be generous G. Festivals held to honor the gods in the olympic games H. the oracle was a sacred shine where priests revealed the future 1. Apollo and Delpha were the two most famous II. Greek Drama A.Tragedies were presented in a trilogy built around a common theme B. Aeschylus composed the only complete trilogy called the __Oresteria__ C. Agamemmon was a greek hero in the trojan war D. Sophocles was an Athenian platwriter who wrote the play called __Oedipus Rex__ E. Greek tragedies were examined by universal themes 1. nature of good and evil 2. the rights of individuals 3. the nature of divine forces 4. the nature of human being III. Greek Philosphy A. Philosphy refers to an organized systwm of thought ( " **__love of wisdom__**") B. The Pythagorum theorem taught that the essence of the universe C. Sophists sold their service as teachers to the young men in Greece 1. stressed to importance of __rhetocratic__ a. the art of persuasive speaking in winning dedates and swaying an audience 2. were harmful to society 3. dangerous to the values of young people D. Socates was a stonemason who believed that the goal of education was only to impove individuals 1. used the socratic method ( __**a form of questions/ answers of reason**__) for his teachings 3. also believed real knownledge is presented within every person on earth 4. said " __the enexamined life is not worth living__" E. Plato was one of socrate's students and Greek philosophies in the western civilization 1. explained his idea about government in a work entitled __the republic__ 2. believe'd individuals can not achieve a good lfe unless they live in a just and rational state 3. divided his people into 3 groups a. philosopher kings that controls the upperclass b. warriors that were in charge of protecting the society c. masses that were people diven by desire 3. believed that men and women should have the same education 4. established a Athenian's school, called the __Academy__ F. Aristotle didn't accept Plato's therory of ideal forms 1. wanted an effective form of government that would nationally affect human affairs 2. looked at the constutions of 158 states and found __3 good forms of governments__ a. monarchy: aristocracy; and the constitutional government 1. favored it as the best form of people IV. The writing of History A. Herodotus was an author of the Persian wars- the first real history in western civilization 1. viewed the struggle between Greek freedom and Persian despotism 2.when he traveled he questioned many people as a mean of obtainig his information as a master teller B. Thucydides was consistered the greatest historian of the Ancient world 1. Athenian general who fought in the Peloponnian war 2. believed the study of history is a great value of understanding the present V. The Classical Ideals of Greek art A. The classical style is based on the ideals of reason, moderation, balance, and harmony B. __The most important form of artchitecture was the **temple** dedicated to the god and goddesses__ 1. walled rooms taht was housed both statues of duities and trasuring a. surrounded by a screen of columns that made greek temples open structures that was made of wood C. Parthenon was the most famous temple of the Athens 1. was built between 447 and 432 B.C. D. The principles of classical architecture was the search for columnes, the clarity, and freedom from unnssary detail E. Polyclius was a 5th century sculptar that illustrated the work of __Dorphorus__