chapter+3.1+outline

chapter 3.1 outline I. The land of India A. Indian sudcontinent- is shaped like a triangle hanging from the southern ridge of Asia B. Himalaya's- __highest mountains in the world__ C. Ganges river- the chief region of Indian culture D. The Indus river valley- dry plateau that forms the backbone of Pakistan E. Deccan- plateau that extends from the ganges valley to the southern tip of India F. Monsoon- a seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia II. India's First Civilization A. Harappa and Mohenjo- Daro 1. had up to 35,000 to 40,000 inhabitants 2. divided into large wall neighborhoods 3. buildings made out of mud bricks B. rulers of Harappa enconomy 1. power based on a belief in divine assistance a. religion and political power b. the royal place and holy temple combined in the citadel c. priest prayed to god to guarantee the annual harvest 2. also base on farming a. got there crops when the __Indus river valley__ flooded yearly 1. carried on extensive trade with city-states in mesopotamia III. The Arrival of the Aryans A. Assyrians- a group of Indo-European nomadic people that moved into central Asia 1. conquered the Harappans 2. pastoral people with warrior traditions 3. gave up pastoral life for farming 4. had no written language 5. developed the first writing system - **__Sanskrit__**- around 1000 B.C. a. enabled them to write down ledgens, religious chants, and rituals that was passed down from generation B. Raja- Princes IV. Society In Ancient India A. Caste system- a set of rigid social categories or classes that determines a persons occupation, potential, and position in society 1. created by the assyrians B. castes- the 5 major divisions of Indian's classes 1. Brahomans- priestly class 2. Kshatriyans- warriors 3. vaisya- commers 4. sudras- peasants and labors 5. untouchables- unknown C. The family in Ancient India 1. extended family- includes grandparents, parents, and children living together 2. males- could inherit property 3. women- not allowed to serve as priests 4. high class- young men that began their education with a Guru- __teacher__ 5. upper-class men- were not allowed to marry until 12 years of studying 6. divorces were not allowed 7. Husbands- could take a 2nd wife if the first was unable to bear her children 8. children- expected to take care of their parents when they got older D. sutte-symbol of women's domince by men E. pyres- dead placed on heaps of material V. Hinduism- the religion of the majority of the indian people that orginated in the religious beliefs of the Assyrians A. Brahaman- a form of ultinate reality 1. __duties of the Individuals self- called the atmons__ B. reincarnation- the belief that the Individual soul is reborn in a different form after death C. Dharma- divine law 1. requires for all people to do their own duty D. Karma- force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life E. yoga- method of training designed to lead to such a "Union" F. The 3 chiefs of Religion 1. Brahma- creator 2. vishau- preserver 3. siva- Destroyer VI. Buddhism- a religion founded by Siddharta Gautama- " **__the Enlightened One__**" A. Story of Buddha 1. came from a small kingdom- **__Himalya__** 2. son of ruling family that was rich, married, had children, and a throne that he will soon inherit someday 3. decided to live his life seeking human suffering, shaved his head, and abandonded his family 4.followed **__aseenties__**- people under who practiced self-denial to achieve an understanding of ulitimate reality 5. reached enlightment as the meaning of life 6.spent the rest of his life as a preacher B. Buddha denied the reality of the material world C.Pain, Poverti, and sorrow that conflict human beings are caused by the attachment of the world D. bodhi- wisdom F. Nivana- ultimate reality- the end of the self and a reunion with the great world soul G. The 4 nobleTruths- Buddism message 1. oridary life is full of suffering 2. this suffering is caused by our desire to satisty ourselfs 3. the way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals 4. the way to end desire is to follow the middle path- **__Eightfold path__** a. right view, intention,speech, action, liveihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration H. Buddha died in 480 B.C. I. Buddishist monesteries were established to promote Buddha's teachings and provide housing and trainig for monks